Why Do I Have Indigestion?

How we reviewed this article: · Healthline

WITHDRAWAL OF RANITIDINEIn April 2020, the

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

requested that all forms of prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) ranitidine (Zantac) be removed from the U.S. market. This recommendation was made because unacceptable levels of NDMA, a probable carcinogen (cancer-causing chemical), were found in some ranitidine products. If you’re prescribed ranitidine, talk with your doctor about safe alternative options before stopping the drug. If you’re taking OTC ranitidine, stop taking the drug and talk with your healthcare provider about alternative options. Instead of taking unused ranitidine products to a drug take-back site, dispose of them according to the product’s instructions or by following the FDA’s

guidance

.

Ranitidine, brand name Zantac, is now marketed as Zantac 360, which contains a different active ingredient (famotidine). Famotidine is in the same class as ranitidine and works the same way but has not been found to contain unacceptable levels of NDMA.

You may have indigestion after eating some foods, such as greasy or spicy foods, taking certain medications, or due to an underlying health condition. Treatment can depend on the cause.

Indigestion is the name given to a collection of digestive symptoms, including a feeling of fullness or discomfort in your upper abdomen, heartburn, and nausea. The medical term for indigestion is dyspepsia.

People often experience indigestion after eating large meals. However, several other factors can lead you to develop symptoms of indigestion.

There are many possible

causes

of indigestion. These can range from dietary and lifestyle habits to the side effects of medications and serious underlying conditions.

Lifestyle

You experience indigestion when your body cannot digest food as normal. This may be the result of eating a lot or eating too fast.

Spicy, greasy, and fatty foods also

increase the risk

of indigestion. Lying down too soon after eating can make it harder to digest food. This increases your risk of abdominal discomfort.

Other common causes of poor digestion include:

smoking

drinking too much

alcohol

stress

Medication

Indigestion can be a

side effect

of taking specific medications.

Antibiotics

, medications that treat or prevent bacterial infections, can also irritate the digestive system and

cause

indigestion as a side effect.

Medical conditions

Several medical conditions can also

cause

indigestion. These include:

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

gastric cancer

pancreatic or bile duct abnormalities

peptic ulcers

lactose

,

gluten

, and other intolerances

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

gastroparesis

Sometimes you may experience indigestion with no apparent cause. The medical term for this is functional dyspepsia.

Indigestion can cause:

abdominal pain

or

bloating

heartburn

nausea

vomiting

Other common symptoms include:

quickly feeling full during a meal

burning sensation in the stomach or esophagus

experiencing excessive gas or belching

Indigestion may accompany severe symptoms such as:

vomit that is

bloody

or looks like

coffee grounds

unexplained weight loss

black stools

trouble swallowing

If you experience any of these severe symptoms, seek medical assistance immediately.

Indigestion does not typically lead to severe complications. However, severe or persistent symptoms may make it more difficult for you to eat the necessary amount of food. This may have an effect on the overall

nutritional balance

of your diet.

You may also experience indigestion alongside other symptoms, which themselves can lead to complications. For example, GERD can

lead to

the following complications:

esophageal stricture

pyloric stenosis

Barrett’s esophagus

Your doctor will likely start by asking questions about your medical history and eating habits. You may also undergo a physical examination. Your doctor might order

X-rays

of your abdomen to see if there are any abnormalities in your digestive tract.

They may also collect blood, breath, and stool samples to check for a type of bacteria that causes peptic ulcers. Your doctor can also order an endoscopic exam to check your upper digestive tract for abnormalities.

During an

endoscopy

, your doctor passes a small tube with a camera and biopsy tool through your esophagus into your stomach. They can then check the lining of the digestive tract for diseases and collect tissue samples.

An upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy can diagnose the following:

reflux

esophagitis

ulcers

inflammatory diseases

Indigestion often goes away on its own and will pass with time. For example, if you experience indigestion after a large meal, your abdominal discomfort may lessen as your body begins to digest the food you’ve eaten.

However, some medications and lifestyle changes can help you treat and prevent indigestion symptoms.

Medications

Your doctor may prescribe medications to treat common indigestion symptoms, but they can cause side effects.

nausea

vomiting

diarrhea

rash

or itching

constipation

headache

bleeding or

bruising

nausea and vomiting

constipation

diarrhea

cough

headache

backache

dizziness

abdominal pain

Prokinetics

, like prescription medications Reglan and Motilium, improve the muscle action of the digestive tract. However, taking these medications may cause side effects, including:

depression

anxiety

involuntary movements or spasms

fatigue

Home remedies

Medication isn‘t the only treatment for indigestion. You may be able to improve digestion and relieve uncomfortable symptoms with lifestyle changes. For example, it can be helpful to:

avoid foods that can trigger heartburn

eat slower

don’t eat before lying down

try to stop

smoking

, if you smoke

try to maintain a moderate weight

reduce the amount of coffee, soft drinks, and alcohol you consume

reduce stress through

yoga

or relaxation

therapy

Poor digestion is a common problem. However, you shouldn’t ignore indigestion that‘s:

chronic (long term)

severe

unresponsive to OTC medication

If left untreated, the symptoms of indigestion may interfere with your quality of life.

If you’re unable to manage indigestion at home, speak with a doctor. They can help determine the underlying cause of your digestion issues.