Carrots 101: Nutrition Facts and Health Benefits

How we reviewed this article: · Healthline

Key takeaways

Carrots are rich in beta-carotene (which your body converts into vitamin A), fiber, potassium, and antioxidants. They’re also low in calories and come in many colors, including orange, yellow, red, purple, and white.

Eating carrots may support eye health, help lower blood cholesterol levels, and reduce the risk of certain cancers. Their carotenoid content is linked to these potential benefits.

Carrots rank low on the glycemic index, making them a good option for managing blood sugar. They also provide both soluble and insoluble fiber, which may support digestion and heart health.

The carrot (Daucus carota) is a root vegetable often claimed to be the perfect health food. It is crunchy, tasty, and highly nutritious.

Carrots are a particularly good source of beta-carotene, fiber, vitamin K1, potassium, and antioxidants. Plus, they’re low in calories.

They also have several health benefits. They have been linked to lower cholesterol levels and improved eye health. What’s more, their carotene antioxidants have been linked to a reduced risk of cancer.

Carrots are found in many colors, including yellow, white, orange, red, and purple. Orange carrots get their bright color from beta carotene, an antioxidant that your body converts into vitamin A.

A carrot’s water content ranges from

86% to 95%

, and the edible portion consists of around

10%

carbs.

The nutrition facts for two small-to-medium raw carrots, or

100 grams

(g), are:

Calories: 41

Water: 89%

Protein: 0.8 g

Carbs: 9.0 g

Fiber: 2.7 g

Fat: 0.1 g

Carbs

Carrots are mainly composed of water and

carbs

.

The carbs consist of starch and sugars, such as sucrose and glucose. They are also a relatively good source of fiber, with one medium-sized carrot (61 g) providing

1.9 g

.

Carrots often rank low on the glycemic index (GI), which is a measure of how quickly foods raise blood sugar after a meal. Their GI ranges from 30 to 85, while the glycemic load ranges from 2.0 to 4.25. It’s the

lowest for raw

carrots, and

higher for cooked

ones.

Eating

low glycemic foods

is

linked to

numerous health benefits and is considered particularly beneficial for people with diabetes.

Fiber

Pectin is the main form of soluble fiber in carrots.

Soluble fibers

can lower blood sugar levels by slowing down your digestion of sugar and starch.

They can also feed the friendly bacteria in your gut, which may lead to improved health and decreased risk of disease.

What’s more, certain soluble fibers can impair the absorption of cholesterol from your digestive tract, lowering blood cholesterol.

The main insoluble fibers in carrots are cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Insoluble fibers may reduce your risk of

constipation

and promote regular bowel movements.

Carrots are a good source of several vitamins and minerals, especially biotin, potassium, and vitamins A (from beta carotene), K1 (phylloquinone), and B6.

Vitamin A: Carrots are rich in beta-carotene, which your body converts into

vitamin A

. This nutrient promotes good vision and is important for growth, development, and immune function.

Biotin: A B vitamin formerly known as vitamin H, biotin plays an important role in fat and protein metabolism.

Vitamin K1: Also known as phylloquinone, vitamin K1 is important for blood coagulation and can promote bone health.

Potassium: An essential mineral,

potassium

is important for blood pressure management.

Vitamin B6: A group of related vitamins, B6 is involved in the conversion of food into energy.

Carrots offer many plant compounds, including carotenoids.

These are substances with powerful antioxidant activity that have been linked to improved immune function and reduced risk of many illnesses, including heart disease, various degenerative ailments, and certain types of cancer.

Beta carotene, the main carotene in carrots, can be converted into vitamin A in your body. However, this conversion process may vary by individual. Eating fat with carrots can help you absorb more of the beta carotene.

The main plant compounds in carrots are:

Beta carotene: Orange carrots are very high in beta carotene. The absorption is better if the carrots are cooked.

Alpha-carotene: This is an antioxidant that, like beta-carotene, is partly converted into vitamin A in your body.

Lutein: One of the most common antioxidants in carrots, lutein is predominantly found in yellow and orange carrots and is important for

eye health

.

Lycopene: This is a bright red antioxidant found in many red

fruits

and vegetables, including red and purple carrots. Lycopene may decrease your risk of cancer and heart disease. Cooking carrots helps release lycopene and improves absorption.

Polyacetylenes: Recent research has identified bioactive compounds in carrots that may help protect against leukemia and other cancers.

Anthocyanins: These are powerful antioxidants found in dark-colored carrots.

Much of the research on carrots has focused on carotenoids.

Reduced risk of cancer

Diets rich in carotenoids may help protect against several types of

cancer

. This includes prostate, colon, and stomach cancers.

Females with high circulating levels of carotenoids may also have a

reduced risk

of breast cancer.

Carotenoids have been found to protect against lung cancer, but

further research is needed

to confirm a correlation.

Lower blood cholesterol

High blood cholesterol is a well-known risk factor for

heart disease

.

Consuming carrots has been

linked to

lower cholesterol levels.

Eye health

Individuals with

low vitamin A levels

are more likely to experience night blindness, a condition that may diminish by eating carrots or other foods rich in vitamin A or carotenoids.

Weight loss

As a low calorie food, carrots can increase fullness and decrease

calorie intake

in subsequent meals.

For this reason, they may be a useful addition to an effective weight loss diet.

Organic farming uses natural methods for growing crops, though it should be noted that organic crops may be treated with natural pesticides made from plants.

A

2012 study

comparing

organic

and conventionally grown carrots did not find any difference in the amount of carotenoids or antioxidant content and quality.

However, conventionally grown carrots contain pesticide residues. The long-term health effects of low-grade pesticide intake are unclear, but

some scientists

have voiced concerns. Washing and peeling carrots before you eat them raw or cook them will remove any residues effectively.

Baby carrots are an increasingly popular

snack food

.

Two kinds of carrots are called baby carrots, which can be misleading:

whole carrots harvested while still small

baby-cut carrots, which are pieces from larger carrots that have been machine-cut into the preferred size, then peeled, polished, and sometimes washed in small amounts of chlorine before packing

There’s very little difference in nutrients between regular and baby carrots, and they should have the same health effects.

Carrots are generally considered safe to eat but may have adverse effects in some people.

Additionally, eating too much carotene can cause your skin to become a little yellow or orange, but this is harmless.

Allergy

According to a

2001 study

, carrots can cause pollen-related

allergic reactions

in up to 25% of individuals with a food allergy.

Carrot allergy is an example of cross-reactivity in which the proteins in certain fruits or vegetables cause an allergic reaction because of their similarity to the proteins found in certain types of pollen.

If you are sensitive to birch pollen or mugwort pollen, you might react to carrots.

This can cause your mouth to tingle or itch. In some people, it may trigger swelling of the throat or a severe allergic shock, known as anaphylaxis.

Contamination

Carrots grown in contaminated soil or exposed to contaminated water may harbor larger amounts of heavy metals, which can affect their safety and quality.

Yet the

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

regularly surveys foods sold in the United States and tests them for potential contaminants, including arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury.

Carrots are a great snack — crunchy, full of nutrients, low in calories, and sweet.

They’re associated with heart and eye health, improved digestion, and even

weight loss

.

This

root vegetable

comes in several colors, sizes, and shapes, all of which are great additions to a balanced diet.