Sweet Potatoes: Nutrition, Benefits, and More

How we reviewed this article: · Healthline

Key takeaways

Sweet potatoes contain important nutrients like vitamin C, potassium, and fiber.

They’re also rich in an antioxidant called beta carotene, which is very effective at raising blood levels of vitamin A.

Though sweet potatoes can be part of a nutritious diet for most people, they’re high in oxalates and may not be the best option for people with an increased risk of kidney stones.

Sweet potatoes are usually orange but are also found in other colors, such as white, red, pink, violet, yellow, and purple.

In some parts of North America, sweet potatoes are called yams. However, this is a misnomer, as yams are a different species.

A

100 gram (g)

portion of sweet potato with orange flesh and no skin contains:

Calories: 79

Protein: 1.58 grams

Carbohydrates: 17.3 grams

Sugar: 6.06 grams

Fiber: 4.44 grams

Fat: 0.38 grams

Starches and simple sugars like glucose and fructose make up most of the carbohydrate (carb) content of sweet potatoes.

Studies included in a 2021 research review found that sweet potato has a moderately high

glycemic index (GI)

of

around 65

. The GI is a measure of how fast your blood sugar levels rise after a meal.

Given the relatively high

GI of sweet potatoes

, large amounts in a single meal may not be the best option for people with diabetes.

However, the method of cooking may have an impact on the GI. An

older study

found that boiling sweet potatoes resulted in lower GI values than other preparation methods, including baking and roasting.

Starches

are often split into three categories based on how well they’re digested:

Rapidly digested starch: This starch is quickly broken down and absorbed, increasing the GI value.

Slowly digested starch: This type breaks down more slowly and causes a smaller rise in blood sugar levels.

Resistant starch: This

type of starch

escapes digestion and acts like fiber, feeding your friendly gut bacteria.

Sweet potatoes are

high in resistant starch

, which helps moderate the body’s blood sugar levels after eating.

The amount of resistant starch may increase slightly

by cooling

the sweet potatoes after cooking.

Sweet potatoes also contain a moderate amount of

fiber

, which most people don’t get enough of in their diets. The exact fiber content can vary depending on the cooking method and whether you eat the skin, which contains

around half

of the total fiber in most potatoes.

Sweet potatoes have both

soluble and insoluble fiber

. Soluble fibers like pectin help increase fullness and reduce blood sugar spikes by

slowing your digestion

, and insoluble fibers add bulk to stool and also increase satiety.

Sweet potatoes and regular potatoes can both be part of a balanced diet, but there are a few key differences to consider. Compared with

100 g

of raw, skinless russet potato, an equivalent amount of raw, skinless sweet potato has

more sugar

.

Though both are good sources of vitamin C and potassium, sweet potatoes also provide high amounts of beta carotene, which your body can transform into vitamin A.

Regular potatoes may be more filling but may also harbor glycoalkaloids, compounds that

may be harmful

in large amounts.

Whether

sweet potatoes or regular potatoes

are a better fit in your eating plan can depend on your specific health situation. If you need expert advice, consider contacting a registered dietitian to adjust your diet.

Research suggests that sweet potatoes may provide certain health benefits, including:

Prevention of vitamin A deficiency: Sweet potatoes are an

excellent source

of highly absorbable beta carotene, which your body can convert into vitamin A. Vitamin A deficiency is

more common

in developing countries and may cause health issues like eye damage and respiratory diseases.

Better gut health: The fiber in sweet potatoes can help

promote regularity

and may help with weight management by slowing down your digestion. The antioxidants in some sweet potatoes, like those

found in purple sweet potatoes

, may also promote the growth of beneficial bacteria in the gut.

Reduced oxidative stress: Oxidative stress is

often associated

with an increased risk of cancer.

Some research

suggests that diets rich in antioxidants like carotenoids, which counteract

oxidative stress

, may be associated with a lower risk of cancers like lung, esophageal, and ovarian cancer.

Sweet potatoes are well tolerated in most people. However, they are considered

fairly high

in substances called

oxalates

, which may increase your risk of

kidney stones

.

Individuals who are prone to getting kidney stones may want to limit their sweet potato intake.

Sweet potatoes are underground tubers that are excellent sources of beta carotene, as well as many other vitamins, minerals, and compounds. For most people, they can be a helpful addition to a balanced diet.